Biology 8 - 10

In Grades 8 - 10, biology is taught as part of the general Science course. Students begin with the basics of the cell theory, learning that all living things are made of cells and that cells are the smallest unit of life. They practice using microscopes and compare plant and animal cells, noting structures like the cell wall and chloroplasts that are unique to plants. They also study the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms, and how cells divide to sustain life. In ecology, students are introduced to food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids, which show how energy moves from the sun to plants and then through different levels of consumers. In Grade 9, biology content focuses heavily on genetics and cell division. Students learn about the structure of DNA, the double helix, and how genes determine traits. They are introduced to Mendel’s laws of inheritance, exploring how dominant and recessive alleles are passed on to offspring. Typical classroom activities may include Punnett square exercises or extracting DNA from fruit. Students also learn the difference between mitosis and meiosis, understanding how organisms grow and reproduce. This stage helps them see the connection between genetics and real-life traits. In Grade 10, biology is taught with an emphasis on ecology and human body systems. Ecology topics include the carbon and nitrogen cycles, showing how matter is recycled in nature, and how human activities like deforestation and burning fossil fuels affect ecosystems. Students also study biodiversity and invasive species, discussing why ecological balance is important. In human biology, they cover the basics of the digestive system, respiratory system, and circulatory system. Experiments might include enzyme activity labs or models that show how the lungs function. By the end of Grade 10, students are expected to connect biological concepts to global and environmental issues.